What is Coenzyme A?
Coenzyme A (CoA), as a carrier in enzymatic reactions, serves as a vital cofactor in over 70 metabolic pathways within the body. It is a crucial intermediate in energy substance metabolism, widely present in animals, plants, microorganisms, and cultured cells. In energy substance metabolism, it plays a pivotal role.
Acyl-CoA, a CoA derivative, is a coenzyme involved in fatty acid metabolism. It is readily subjected to β-oxidation, leading to the formation of acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is a product of pyruvate decarboxylation and fatty acid β-oxidation. When pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix, it undergoes oxidative decarboxylation, converting into acetyl-CoA through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Simultaneously, pyruvate and its carboxyl group are released as carbon dioxide. During this process, pyruvate serves as the carbon source for fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and ketogenesis. Thorough oxidation of the three major nutrients converges to yield acetyl-CoA, which enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle, ultimately generating ATP. In this manner, fats are converted into the universal biochemical energy carrier, ATP.
The Physiological and Biochemical Functions of Coenzyme A
Fatty Acyl-CoA (Acyl-CoA) is the thioester derivative formed by the binding of acyl groups generated during the metabolism of fatty acids to coenzyme A (CoA). It results in sulfur ester derivatives such as acetyl-CoA, butyryl-CoA, and palmitoyl-CoA, primarily located in the mitochondria and cytoplasmic matrix. Coenzyme A and its sulfur ester derivatives serve as carriers in enzymatic reactions, extensively participating in central metabolic pathways. For instance, acetyl-CoA is an indispensable cofactor in the citric acid cycle and fatty acid oxidation, reflecting changes in cellular core metabolism. Succinyl-CoA, acting as both a substrate for fatty acid synthesis and a regulator of fatty acid oxidation, plays a pivotal role. Coenzyme A also regulates the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Additionally, these derivatives can modify proteins through acetylation, propionylation, butyrylation, and malonylation, among others. These acylation modifications serve as regulators of protein function and activity, prominently observed in tumor metabolism regulation.
Coenzyme A Quantification Service
Given the pivotal role of Coenzyme A (CoA) substances in transcription regulation and cellular metabolism in organisms, the demand for their detection has been steadily increasing as mechanistic studies deepen. Creative Proteomics employs triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to conduct absolute qualitative and quantitative analysis of over a dozen Acyl-CoA substances, contributing to in-depth mechanistic research.
Our well-established and reliable methods for absolute quantification of CoA substances allow for simultaneous determination of multiple CoA substances in samples. This approach is applicable to various biological specimens, enabling precise quantification of CoA substances with diverse structures in a single analysis. The detection limit can reach the ng level, making it particularly suitable for high-tech research.
Service Workflow
| Representative acyl-CoA species that can be measured by targeted LC-MS/MS | ||
|---|---|---|
| No | Metabolite | CAS |
| 1 | Coenzyme A (CoA-SH) | 85-61-0 |
| 2 | Dephospho-CoA | 3633-59-8 |
| 3 | Acetyl-CoA | 72-89-9 |
| 4 | 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) | 1553-55-5 |
| 5 | Acetoacetyl-CoA | 1420-36-6 |
| 6 | Succinyl-CoA | 604-98-8 |
| 7 | Methylmalonyl-CoA | 104809-02-1 |
| 8 | Propionyl-CoA | 317-66-8 |
| 9 | Crotonoyl-CoA | 102680-35-3 |
| 10 | 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA | 6712-03-4 |
| 11 | Malonyl-CoA | 524-14-1 |
| 12 | Butyryl-CoA | 2140-48-9 |
| 13 | Isobutyryl-CoA | 15621-60-0 |
| 14 | 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA | 2871-66-1 |
| 15 | Isovaleryl-CoA | 6244-91-3 |
| 16 | Glutaryl-CoA | 103192-48-9 |
| 17 | Hexanoyl-CoA | 5060-32-2 |
| 18 | Adipoyl-CoA | 25119-42-0 |
| 19 | Benzoyl-CoA | 6756-74-7 |
| 20 | Phenylacetyl-CoA | 7532-39-0 |
| 21 | Octanoyl-CoA | 1264-52-4 |
| 22 | Decanoyl-CoA | 1264-57-9 |
| 23 | Lauroyl-CoA | 6244-92-4 |
| 24 | Myristoyl-CoA | 3130-72-1 |
| 25 | Palmitoleoyl-CoA | 18198-76-0 |
| 26 | Palmitoyl-CoA | 1763-10-6 |
| 27 | Heptadecanoyl-CoA | 3546-17-6 |
| 28 | Oleoyl-CoA | 1716-06-9 |
| 29 | Stearoyl-CoA | 362-66-3 |
| 30 | Arachidonoyl-CoA | 17046-56-9 |
Our Technical Advantages
High Accuracy: Standard qualitative, MRM mode quantitative gold standard, linear coefficient of the standard curve >0.99, ensuring precise qualitative and quantitative results.
Absolute Quantification: Isotopic internal standard correction, external standard absolute quantification, providing absolute concentration data.
High Sensitivity: Detection rate in animal tissue samples >70%* Versatility: Suitable for various common biological sample types, including animals and plants. Robust Stability: Standardized procedures, matrix correction, ensuring stable detection results.
Reliable Data: Stringent quality control systems are implemented to ensure data reliability.
Statistical Analysis: We offer PCA, PLS-DA, OPLS-DA, univariate analysis, Random Forest, SVM screening, ROC analysis, and more.
Applications of Coenzyme A Quantification
Absolute quantification of Acyl-CoA substances
Vital indicator for clinical disease mechanism research
Key indicator in livestock disease research
Sample Requirements
Plant Tissues: 1 g/sample
Animal and Clinical Tissues: 200 mg/sample
Serum/Plasma: 200 μL/sample
Urine: 200 μL/sample
Cells/Microbes: 1X10^7 cells/sample
Feces: 200 mg/sample
Report
A full report including all raw data, MS/MS instrument parameters and step-by-step calculations will be provided (Excel and PDF formats).
Analytes are reported as uM, with CV's generally ~10%.
Ordering Procedure:
*If your organization requires signing of a confidentiality agreement, please contact us by email.
Staffed by experienced biological scientists, Creative Proteomics can provide a wide range of services ranging from the sample preparation to the lipid extraction, characterization, identification and quantification. We promise accurate and reliable analysis, in shorter duration of time! You are welcome to discuss your project with us.
