Summary
S-nitrosylaion (SNO) is a covalent formed by cysteine and cysteine sulfhydryl. It is one of the mechanisms of cell signaling by NO. And then the SNO will be generated by NO, which will cause the disease of neurodegenerative diseases, such as, Parkinson’s Disease (PD).
Body
The connection between NO and Neural mechanism
The reason why NO has something to do with neurodegenerative diseases has not been clear yet. However, many researches show that there are three factors that NO can cause the neurodegenerative diseases.
NO can affect the nervous excitotoxicity
Experiment shows both Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA) can combine with PSD95, which indicates that NO can activate NMDA receptors to affect nervous excitotoxicity, and then it can cause cell death.
The connection between NO and DNA damage
NO can cause cell damage by affecting protein modification
The connection between SNO and PD
Under physiological and pathological conditions, NO can be modified a lot of protein by nitrosylation reaction. The main result of this reaction is to make nitrosylation occur to the Cysteine thiol group in protein. Proteins, which can occur SNO reaction, are mainly NMDAR, P21ras , OxyP and other proteins, which have the responsibility to the cell structure, cell function and cell death.
Recent researches show that proteins of the PD can also have the chance to occur the SNO reaction, which is most likely to have a connection with the occurrence of PD.
The SNO and PD of parkinson’s proteins
The protein of parkinson is a kind of E3 ubiquitin ligase, which has the ability to cause the protein ubiquitination. This process can contribute to the cell remove and cell recovery, and then it can stop cell death in order to protect cells. Some researches show that the parkin in PD patients has many heterozygous mutation points, which are not existing on allele. The existence of parkin mutation points and Nitro can cause Parkinson's protein dysfunction.
This is the main connection between SNO and PD. Through researching this relationship, we can conclude that the research of the protein nitrosylation is hopeful to the study on neurodegenerative diseases and the other nervous system diseases.